• facsimile
• manuscrito
• parchment
• manucript
• codex

Facsimiles date back to a very old tradition. Copies of manuscripts and original documents were already being made in the Roman Empire.

The aim is to produce an exact replica of the document being reproduced, using either mechanical or artisan means, and possibly using media identical to the original or media involving different kinds of paper.

Read more: What is a Facsimile edition and how is it made?

• facsimile
• codex
• Beato de Osma

First romanesque Beatus from Spain and a master piece of romanesque art.

The codex with the Commentary to the Apocalypse by Beatus of Liébana, today stored at the Diocesan Historical Archive of El Burgo de Osma Cathedral, is nowadays viewed as one of the most important texts by Beatus among those currently known for several reasons: it is the earliest Romanesque Beatus known in Spain and an international masterpiece of Romanesque art. Among the most creative with respect to traditional iconography, the Beatus held at El Burgo de Osma is one of the best preserved of the rst two original editions of the Beatus. For this reason, the recent critical edition of the Commentary by Beatus, published in the prestigious series of the “Corpus Christianorum” by the pro minent specialist in Vetus Latina, Professor Roger Gryson (University of Louvain), is illustrated with miniatures from the Osma Beatus (imitating the layout of a Beatus Codex).

Read more: The Osma Beatus Prof. Peter K. Klein.